Strategic Management Process Essays

Key Management Process Essays Key Management Process Paper Key Management Process Paper Running head: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PROCESS Strategic Management Process MGT 498 In the accompanying paper the key administration procedure will be examined. First to be portrayed will be the essential segments of a vital administration process. I will likewise demonstrate why a key administration process is required for an organization. At last I will explore Apple and depict their vital administration process. The initial step to key administration is 1. Building up a key vision. The administration or pioneer must think of a dream for the organization. This vision should concentrate on where the board needs the organization to be in five years. â€Å"A large initial phase in building up the key vision is to make a statement of purpose. The statement of purpose ought to characterize what an associations reason for existing is and what it wants to achieve later on. The corporate personality starts to come to fruition when the statement of purpose catches the key vision of leadership† (Akbar, 2008). The subsequent advance is setting destinations. This progression places the statement of purpose energetically. It gives representatives something to progress in the direction of. The third step is making procedure to accomplish destinations. The board needs to build up a methodology for all representatives to follow to arrive at the organizations objectives. The administration needs to think about all parts of the objective including contenders. The fourth step is actualizing ; executing methodology. This progression is the point at which the arrangement will hit the avenues. The executives needs to ensure the arrangement fits with the organization. The last advance is assessing and amending. A decent group is continually searching for approaches to improve the organization. The arrangement should continually be taken a gander at for enhancements. One organization that has a decent key administration process is apple. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak established Apple in 1976. Apples statement of purpose is as per the following: â€Å" Apple is focused on bringing the best individualized computing experience to understudies, teachers, inventive experts and shoppers universally through imaginative equipment, programming and Internet offerings† (Apple, 2011). By following this statement of purpose apple has the most committed and steadfast client base. With benefit developing each day and customers sitting tight in line for quite a long time for the most sultry apple item is mind boggling. There are just a couple of things that individuals will hang tight in a crazy line for: 1. The day after Thanksgiving Sales 2. Apple items. It is incredibly difficult to continue creating new items to keep clients upbeat yet apple appears to know the stunt. Apple has an incredible key procedure that is checked intently. In the event that there is new innovation to be concocted apple will design it. Any organization that needs to succeed needs to actualize a key administration process. In the event that an organization enlists a decent supervisory crew that follows through with targets and is an extraordinary pioneer the organization will succeed. Any organization needs to screen rivalry intently and consistently be one stride ahead. On the off chance that an organization can be effective they have a decent possibility of following in apples strides. One needs to recall that apple just as of late has been rehashed, everybody ought to have look on the splendid side. Reference Akbar, M. (2008). Components of the key administration process. Recovered from helium. com/things/844145-components of-the-key administration process? page=2 Apple. (2011). Apple Infor. Recovered from apple. com/about/

The Matrix Essay -- essays research papers

     I’m sitting in a seat, conversing with a man that I’ve needed to know for quite a while. His name is Morpheus; I realize that he knows more than I do about the world and how it functions. Presently it’s my turn, in every one of his hand’s there is a pill, in one there’s a red pill and in the other a blue pill. The red pill will have me further my insight and the genuine idea of things will be uncovered. The blue pill stops any further information and my view of things will stay unaltered. I take the red pill. For what reason do I take the red pill?      First of all, let’s consider the manner in which I am. I am an exceptionally meddling individual who preferences taking risks and dangers. On the off chance that I’m given a brief look at what is genuine how might I return? I’m inquisitive with respect to what lies ahead. For Morpheus to po...

Leadership Styles Transformative, Participative and Task Oriented

Authority alludes to the capacity of an individual to impact others to get things done, which they would not have managed without the impact. Individuals with this capacity are alluded to as pioneers. Pioneers are found in various settings and settings, for example, the family, in schools, government and in formal and non-formal associations. There are three primary styles of authority, in particular transformative, participative and task-situated leadership.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Leadership Styles: Transformative, Participative and Task Oriented explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transformative Leadership Transformative administration includes different viewpoints, one of them being allure, which includes, in addition to other things creating inspiration, spirit and execution of groups through assortment of instruments. The magnetic pioneer associates with the follower’s feeling of personality, moves the group to take more note worthy proprietorship for their work and understanding the qualities and shortcoming of the group so the person in question can adjust it to assignments that it can perform well. Transformative authority, through the charming viewpoint helps in acknowledging positive change. This is on the grounds that charming pioneers are vigorous, excited, moving, persuasive and energetic about their hierarchical achievement and improvement. In this sense, the pioneers are concerned, included and furthermore centered around helping each individual from the gathering to succeed. Transformative initiative has various courses to imaginativeness in an association. The first is that it prompts foundation of groups which cooperate. These groups give themselves a social personality which bonds them. This social personality and holding lead to participation among the colleagues in all perspectives, which prompts variety of thoughts regarding how to attempt the errands, thus prompting development inside t he group. The other course to advancement is that transformative authority legitimately prompts participation inside an association whereby the representatives don't customize issues or achievement. This prompts advancement in light of the fact that the representatives are increasingly dedicated to the accomplishment of the association and to them, inspiration comes because of hierarchical achievement, not singular achievement. Each representative, in this manner, gets their thoughts the association. These thoughts are joined and changed into better approaches for getting things done in an increasingly proficient and compelling manner.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Transformative initiative may straightforwardly prompt advancement on the grounds that the transformative pioneers are proficient and have high specialized skill, particularly in innovative work. This information and specialized expertise by the alluring pioneers when combined with their other transformative attributes legitimately incites employees’ thinking on the most proficient method to improve the capacities, procedures and systems of their association, along these lines prompting advancement. Participative Leadership In participative administration reasoning, all individuals from the group are associated with distinguishing fundamental objectives and improvement systems for arriving at those objectives. In participative authority, the groups give their recommendations openly and are engaged with dynamic. Confidence, limit and relations between the pioneer and group are extraordinarily improved. This authority style adds to cooperation and worker execution just as adding to gainful workplace. Errand arranged Leadership Task-situated pioneers are the individuals who focus on the assignment being attempted, with the conviction that their supporters would imitate their activities and similarly submit themselves in getting the undertaking achieved. An assignment arranged pioneer, centers around the errands being attempted by the workers to guarantee that they focus on subtleties to finish the undertakings in an exhaustive way. Through assignment arranged style of authority; pioneers can initiate the advancement of their associations. This report on Leadership Styles: Transformative, Participative and Task Oriented was composed and put together by client Paige Key to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Republicanism as a Safeguard from Faction and Government Unaccountability - Literature Essay Samples

The Federalist was written at a time when republican government, historically, was not popular. It had failed throughout history, and monarchies were thriving in Europe. Yet the Americans, with their extraordinary potential as a nation, proposed to adopt it. Why, when more authoritative regimes were flourishing, would this make sense? Or if it really remained to be seen â€Å"whether societies of men are really capable or not, of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend, for their political constitutions, on accident and force† (Federalist 1), why would they not adopt a democracy in which people have the most control over their government? The Federalist Papers’ answers in support of republican government are only made more influential by their defiance of the prevailing form of monarchical rule at the time. Yet this idea, that perhaps what the majority (in this case of nations) believes or is doing is not w hat is best for all men, is precisely what justifies this organization of government. The Federalist supports republicanism because it secures the good of the society in the face of potentially dangerous popular opinions, and through political responsibility strikes a balance between democratic and tyrannical rule. Republican government is superior to democracy because it better protects a state from government corruption and more adequately defends the rights of its people. The ends of the horrific â€Å"majority faction† takeover Madison so vehemently denounces are precisely these two inherently related evils: corruption and violation of individual rights. If a faction can take over political power, it will pursue policies and actions for its own good against that of the public, for a faction is â€Å"a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community† (Federalist 10). This is by definition the corruption of the government. The cause of this faction being, according to Madison, â€Å"the diversity in the faculties of men, from which the rights of property originateâ₠¬ ¦[and] the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately result; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the respective proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties† (Federalist 10). Because this faction originates from economic inequality, it is then likely that in order for the faction to pursue its goals, it will take the property of others to correct a perceived wrong and in doing so encroach upon citizens’ rights. It is therefore the government’s job to protect that property and other individual rights from the actions of a corrupt or factious government. Having now defined what a republican government seeks to safeguard, or why it is superior to democratic rule, the question of how this form of government executes this objective can now be addressed. Federalist 10 is Madison’s primary explanation for how republican government will best combat faction. First, he identifies the two ways to get rid of faction as â€Å"the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests† (Federalist 10). He says that the latter is impossible, and the former is not worth doing. As such, faction is â€Å"sown in the nature of man† and cannot be stopped, yet its effects can be limited. Madison then specifically attacks democracy as a means of controlling those effects, saying that â€Å"a pure democracycan admit of no cure for the mischiefs of faction. A common passion or interest will, in almost every case, be felt by a majority of the whole; a communication and concert result from the form of government itself; and there is nothing to check the inducements to sacrifice the weaker party or an obnoxious individualà ¢â‚¬  (Federalist 10). This means that when a faction is created, regardless of if it is antithetical to the public good or infringes on the rights of others, there will be nothing to check its power in a democracy. The structure of a republican government, conversely, is superior, shown in the comparison that â€Å"the two great points of difference between a democracy and a republic are: first, the delegation of the government, in the latter, to a small number of citizens elected by the rest; secondly, the greater number of citizens, and greater sphere of country, over which the latter may be extended.† (Federalist 10). How the first point reduces faction is that when government is delegated to a small number of people, the passions of the public or a popular majority cannot influence policy-maker’s decisions, especially those â€Å"whose patriotism and love of justice will be least likely to sacrifice it to temporary or partial considerations†. However, Madi son then admits that this small group of people could become corrupt, which seems to contradict the idea that republic prevents corruption. Yet Madison’s second point, although it relates more to the size of republic rather than a republic versus a democracy, remedies this issue by noting that a large republic better represents a wider-range of citizens (in the American case, specifically in the senate) and as such it will be more difficult for one faction to gain too much power. In a democracy, should a majority faction arise and vote in its own interest, their harmful ideas will simply become law. A republic however will make it both harder for that faction to arise as well as put a check on its power by allowing informed representatives to judge these ideas first. A large, representative government is superior to democracy (or a small republican government) because it can better control the natural phenomenon of faction. The effects for citizens of this superior control is that the large republican government will be more difficult to corrupt with policies that oppose the public good, and the rights of citizens will be less likely to be violated. Republican government has more qualities superior to democratic government that are discussed in the Federalist than simply keeping faction at bay, yet they primarily have the same effect that guarding against faction does in that they again protect personal rights and justice in the government. Federalist 49, for example, is titled â€Å"guarding against encroachments† to power for it discusses how republican governments, in which power is removed from the people, are inherently more legitimate than those in which people exercise power more often. In his disagreement with Jefferson that a constitutional convention should be called whenever two branches of government disagree on a constitutional question, Madison writes that â€Å"the danger of disturbing the public tranquillity by interesting too strongly the public passions, is a still more serious objection against a frequent reference of constitutional questions to the decision of the whole society† (Federalist 49). In other words, a democratic government which by necessity often â€Å"disturbs† the public tranquility would be a worse method of solving constitutional problems. Furthermore, â€Å"every appeal to the people would carry an implication of some defect in the government, frequent appeals would, in a great measure, deprive the government of that veneration which time bestows on every thing† (Federalist 49). A Republican government then is more legitimate because it distances the people from it, which in turn creates a respect for it that could not exist if people were constantly consulted to change the laws. This distance is precisely what distinguishes republicanism and democracy. A Republican government lets the people be the source from which power is derived, but then keeps their own wills out of individual decision-making. For example, â€Å"a dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necess ity of auxiliary precautions† (Federalist 51). These precautions are inherent to the organization of republican government and its previously discussed nature of prohibiting faction in that â€Å"the society itself will be broken into so many parts, interests, and classes of citizens, that the rights of individuals, or of the minority, will be in little danger from interested combinations of the majority† (Federalist 51). In this way, republicanism also protects the rights of the minority, and the result of a republic will be that faction is hard to consolidate due to widespread participation and diversity in politics, yet tyranny of the majority is also improbable for the same reason, as the people would not allow it to come into power. As such, the separation of the people from the government and the increased legitimacy of that government serve to protect individual rights even when they are in the minority, as well as keep public interests a degree separate from tho se of decision-makers to in turn keep them from corruption. A discussion of the gap between the people and their policy-makers is perhaps the best way to answer the second question proposed by this essay, of what the role of responsibility is for those people in the government who are disconnected, presumably for a good reason, from the people. Responsibility for Madison and Hamilton had two different but important meanings: politicians had the responsibility to make the best decisions for the people (not just the ones the public seemed to want), and the politicians had to be held responsible for the decisions they made. These two definitions are related in creating a good republican government, as a politician who is completely responsive to the people would effectively make the republic a democracy, but one who is not held responsible for his actions would effectively make the republic a tyranny. The previously discussed papers have already pointed out why the role of government is not simply to respond to the people, as factions can arise in which the people promote an idea that is bad for them or threatens the rights of others, such as Japanese internment during WWII (which the government was unsuccessful in stopping) or opposition to integration of schools during the Civil Rights Movement (which the government, through the judiciary, was successful in stopping). As Madison puts it, â€Å"if men were angels, no government would be necessary† (Federalist 51), implying the obvious need for government to control the imperfect and potentially damaging interests of men. In many ways this is very Wilson-esque in that government officials should act in the true interests of the people and should be able to discern what they really want, and consequently move them in that direction, rather than simply following what men they say they want. In concordance with Wilson and his focus on the Leaders of Men, Hamilton too specifically delineates this quality of resisting public passions to the executive, writing that when à ¢â‚¬Å"the interests of the people are at variance with their inclinations, it is the duty of the persons whom they have appointed to be the guardians of those interests, to withstand the temporary delusion, in order to give them time and opportunity for more cool and sedate reflection† (Federalist 71). Indeed, not only the legislative branch must be careful to â€Å"withstand the temporary delusion,† as this is also the responsibility of the executive. Resisting dangerous public passions is perhaps the most clearly evident conclusion from the Federalist in terms of government responsibility. But what has not yet been discussed is the second definition, that â€Å"responsibility† also means â€Å"accountability† in the Federalist. In reference to frequent elections in Federalist 57, Madison assures Americans that representatives in the republic before making potentially bad decisions or laws â€Å"will be compelled to anticipate the moment when their power is to cease, when their exercise of it is to be reviewed, and when they must descend to the level from which they were raised† (Federalist 57). In other words, if they hope to be re-elected, they must make good (although not necessarily in accordance with the public will) decisions. This best accounts for the House of Representatives that he is discussing in Federalist 57, but the Senate with its longer terms also addresses the importance of responsibility. Madison writes that â€Å"responsibilitymust relate to operations of that power,† and a senate â€Å"having sufficient permanency to provide for such objects as require a continued attention, and a train of measures, may be justly and effectually answerable for the attainment of those objec ts† (Federalist 63). The creation of the Senate then will also further the role of responsibility promoted by Madison, as its members will have enough time in office in their six years to accomplish what they would like and see the effects of their decisions so that they cannot claim to be irresponsible of the outcomes due to a lack of time. While the House of Representatives can potentially escape some responsibility due to their short terms, they are still bound by frequent elections. While the Senate does not have frequent elections, it is made responsible by making the results of its decisions invariably tied to its members themselves. Both of these aspects of republicanism let the people retain control of the government, while the other definition of responsibility in which politicians do not succumb to the ills of faction opposes civic control. Although the â€Å"responsibility† of republican government has multiple meanings, the term itself is a descriptor of the careful balance a government must strike between being responsive to the people, and being overtaken by them. Republican government better defends societal good and individual rights from the dangers of faction than democratic government does. In a democracy, the popular opinion is not just an opinion, it is law. In a republic, hopefully, the popular opinion is just that, an opinion, while reason is what guides the law. The separation of the people from the government, while that same people give the government its power, is what makes this so. By keeping politicians responsible for their decisions and their continued role in the government, the people maintain a check on the government. The government itself must then be responsible not for the people’s whims and passions, but for their good. When the government is successfully responsible for the people, the people in turn continue to give them that decision-making power. This structure keeps factious ideas away from policy decisions when democracy would not, and holds those who do make decisions responsible, when democracy would no t.

Raising The State Taxes On Tobacco - 862 Words

For years, in states such as, New York and Minnesota, they have attached high taxes to cigarettes in an attempt to both deter smokers and raise money for government programs. Missouri, however, has the lowest taxes on cigarettes in the United States; lower even than tobacco producing states such as Virginia and South Carolina. With many important state programs going unfunded, including transportation, increasing the tobacco tax could aid in the state debt of Missouri. Even former opponents of raising the taxes have begun expressing their own plans to move Missouri more in-line with the rest of the nation. Raising taxes on tobacco for the state of the Missouri’s unfunded projects could drastically open doors for more jobs for residents in the state. The raising of the tax can also fund for children initiatives and reduce the bad habits of smoking for younger adults. In my opinion raising the state taxes on tobacco can help with countless causes for the state of Missouri and the cities. Raising the taxes on tobacco products can aid in the debt of not only the state of Missouri but for the entire country of the United States. â€Å"Organizers of the â€Å"Raise Your Hand for Kids† campaign on Friday outlined their plan for a statewide ballot initiative to an audience of about 100 business, education, health and early-childhood leaders at the Greater Kansas City Chamber of Commerce.† (Sherry, Proposal to Raise Missouri’s Cigarette Tax Would Fund Children’s Initiative.)Show MoreRelatedThe Challenges of Raising Tobacco and Alcohol Taxes925 Words   |  4 PagesWill raising tobacco and alcohol taxes decrease consumers and benefit to fund states and people for the rising medical costs? It has been said a lot about the dangers of smoking and drinking. We hear about it everyday in the mass media and from health professionals. It is hard to see people losing their voice, being unable to work and in the end dying because of cancer. It is also painful to watch the whole family from a household dying as a result of their car being hit by drunk driver. There areRead MoreAnalysis Of Raising Taxes On Alcohol And Tobacco1055 Words   |  4 PagesProblems with Raising Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco: One of the major issues in the United States is healthcare insurance that has attracted huge debates and concerns among the policymakers and the public. Given the severity of this issue, policymakers and other stakeholders have been involved in efforts to identify the most effective measure to provide health insurance coverage to all. These attempts have been led to the consideration of increase in taxes on alcohol and tobacco products by theRead MoreHealth Risks Vs. Economics Of Tobacco Consumption1614 Words   |  7 Pages but there are still those that are addicted to tobacco products making it more difficult to embrace their own health. In order to make the world smoke-free, the U.S. government is taking a stand on the economical side by increasing excise taxes hoping to encourage those with a tobacco addiction to become more money as well as health conscious. Economic research will be provided on where the government stands in the economic fight amongst tobacco consumers in order to lead Americans into a healthierRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1723 Words   |  7 Pagescertain laws and events that go on in the world, including smoking cigarettes and marijuana. The government also plays a role in this use because it officially made cigarettes legal for adults and also gave each state the right to ban or allow the sell or consumption of marijuana. The state government of Colorado also has a say in marijuana is taxed, and the federal government decides the decisions about tax and other costs of cigarettes because it is a federal issue unlike marijuana. When the thoughtRead MoreCigarette Tax Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesIncreasing cigarette taxes is a win-win situation for everyone if you ask me, however I am not a smoker. I suppose if I were I may think differently. It is a health win that reduces smoking and saves lives; a financial win that raises revenue and reduces health care costs; and a political win that is popular with the public. On February 4, 2009, Congress enacted, and President Obama signed into law, a 62 cent increase in the federal cigarette tax, along with increases in other tobacco taxes, to fund expansionRead MoreIs the Cigarette Tax Enough To Prevent Smoking? Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pagesflavored cigarettes, make it difficult for smokers to quit. In the last few years, both federal and state taxes have increased for tobacco products in the hopes of trying to reduce the number of smokers. The revenue from the tax is used to fund several health related companies. However, some smokers have started to buy cigarettes illegally in order to avoid the tax. Cigarettes are a type of tobacco product which contain several hundred ingredients. Although the majority of these ingredients haveRead MoreSmoking Age At Washington State1445 Words   |  6 PagesWashington State Cigarette smoking has been identified as the number one cause of preventable disease as well as, death worldwide. Today, smoking-related diseases are claiming over 4 00,000 American lives each year. Among people who smoke, 70 percent of them are teenager. Smoking harms almost every organ in the body, causing lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and chronic pulmonary diseases. As a result, researchers have found out that teenagers in Washington State start to purchase tobacco at an earlyRead MoreEl Salvador Case Study1075 Words   |  5 Pagesaddictive tobacco: Implements the use of tobacco replacements: The implementation of nicotine replacements been beneficial to the international community examples of these replacements are the patch, microtabs, gum, lozenge, inhalers, and nasal spray, Through the implementation of replacements for tobacco incentivizes people to have better health by quit smoking, Replaces tobacco and helps individuals help yeild off the substance; To raise the price on tobacco: When regulations and taxes were placedRead MoreThe Public Health Crisis in America1062 Words   |  5 Pages The public health crisis in the United States has reached a critical point that demands action. Chronic conditions such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, respiratory diseases and diabetes are the leading causes of disability and premature death in America. While chronic diseases are among the most common and costly health problems, they are also preventable. Three health-damaging behaviors at the center of the issue are tobacco use, lack of physical activity and poor eating habits. Public healthRead MoreHow The Cigarette Industry Affects Society With Disease And Reduces Social Economic Welfare1142 Words   |  5 Pagesoutweigh any economic benefits that the industry yields (Guhl Hughes n.d). To combat this, governments implement indirect taxes with the aim of reducing the number of smokers. Evidence shows that this has been the most effective means of reducing demand for cigarettes (Cotter, Dunclop Perez 2011). In the context of the competitive model, this essay will explain how taxes on cigarettes reduce demand, including discussion of the short-term and long-term price elasticity of demand, how the tax burden

Commerce and Competitive Business Models †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Commerce and Competitive Business Models. Answer: Introduction After the advent of the globalisation various changes has taken place in the organisational culture of different organisations. There are different kinds of international organisations these are the international corporations, global corporations, multinational corporations the transnational corporations. The organisational culture varies from one organisation to another. Before the globalisation organisations were only confined to the domestic work culture or work force. One of the important features of the globalisation is the transfer of cultures values from one country to another. With the inflow outflow of workforce from one country to another the culture is also getting transferred. Hence organisational cultures of different organisations are also changing (Harzing Pinnington, 2010). Every organisation has to bring changes in the organisational culture since organisations are recruiting employees from different countries. Culture differs from one country to another it is the responsibility of the organisation to incorporate such cultural factors in the organisation to retain employees. This is the role of the human resource management to take care of these factors. There are different barriers like cultural barriers institutional barriers, which act as impediment for different organisations. After globalisation different organisations are opening their office in different countries to operate the organisation in an efficient manner it is essential to provide emphasis on the international human resource management. Cultural barriers the Hofstedes Six Dimensional Cultural Model Large numbers of multinational companies (MNCs) are facing challenges in order to take care of the international human resource management. Most of the MNCs are emerging from developing countries. BRICS nations are the source of most of these MNCs. In case of China one of the most renowned MNC is the Alibaba it was founded by Mr Jack Ma. Alibaba is operating in different international market. This company has opened a new office in Melbourne, Australia. As a human resource management consultant of the Alibaba, it is the responsibility to take care of the international human resource management (Dowling, 2008). It is the role of the human resource management consultant to make the CEO the team of the international human resource management aware of the institutional cultural issues. This will facilitate the management of the organisation to improve the organisational culture operate the business in an efficient manner. Cultural issues make large impact on the multinational compani es. Since Alibaba has opened a office in Australia, the cultural differences between China Australia will affect the operational process of the organisation significantly. Hence this is imperative to identify those issues handle them effectively. There are similarities as well as differences in the culture of China Australia. If these cultural issues are not identified properly, conflict will take place among employees this will affect the growth of the business in a significant manner. The role of the human resource management is to handle various issues of employees. From the recruitment process of employees to training development programmes taking care of the safety security of employees are the responsibility of the human resource management (Schuler Jackson, 2008). Cultural differences of China Australia have been depicted below with the help of the Hofstedes Six Dimensions of culture model. Hofstedes Six Dimensional cultural model is very useful in describing cultural differences. These six dimensions are as follows: Power distance Individualism vs. Collectivism Masculinity vs. Femininity Uncertainty Avoidance Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation Indulgence vs. Restraint In case of the power distance dimension it deals with the inequality existing in the society. The power distance index differs from one country to other. In case of the power distance in a society power differential exists that is accepted by the society. Most important features of societies with large power distance are autocratic leadership, complex level of hierarchy, centralised nature of the authority paternalistic approach of management (Friedman, 2007). On the other hand features associated with the lower level of power distance index are flat organisational structure, participative management approach, less inequality less number of supervisory staff (Hodgetts et al., 2006). In this case the supervisors are considered to be equal to the employees of the organisation unlike the society with high level of power distance. In case of the second dimension such as the individualism vs collectivism the individualism defines strategies taken by the organisation, those are self centric in nature. On the other hand in case of collectivism organisation wants to work in group. Therefore in case of the individualism in case of an organisation the management provides emphasis on the self interest. These organisations are operated keeping in mind the profit motive unlike in case of the collectivism approach. In this approach everyone within the organisation gives importance on the privacy. People are interested in the self attainment of goal, fulfil of self interest etc. On the other hand in case of the collectivism, people like working together or in group (Johnson et al., 2006). People do not provide emphasis on the attainment of self goal but of the group. Another dimension is the Masculinity vs. Femininity. In case of the masculinity importance is provided on gender distinction. People run after money achievement of material success. One of the important features of masculinity is the presence of ego pride among people. Unlike masculinity in case of femininity modesty is one of the important feature people provide importance on quality of life. The fourth dimension deals with the way people can tackle anxiety in the society. Society with high uncertainty avoidance index people prefers to lead a life which is predictable in nature. They do not like taking unnecessary risk. Conservativeness rigidity in attitude are important features of the dimension (Ferraro Brody, 2015). On the other hand the society where the uncertainty index is low, people believe in innovation, adopting to the changes taking risk. The fifth dimension is the Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation. In case of the short term orientation people believe in the unequal relationships since it helps in maintaining stability in the society. People provide importance on working hard, enhancing their skills etc. In case of the long term orientation the different features include the futuristic approach, importance on persistence etc. The final dimension is the Indulgence vs. Restraint. Society with high indulgence provides importance of fulfilment of the basic human needs emphasise on enjoying life (Kshetri, 2008). Resistant on the other side is based on the principle of strict norms they do not give priority to the fulfilment of the human needs. On the basis of the above model the cultural differences between the China Australia can be defined. In case of cultural difference one of the differences is the food habit. Since Alibaba is one of the famous e-commerce organisation. It supplies variety of products to customers one of the items is food. The food habit of Chinese is different from that of Australians. In case of China the food varieties are of two types these are Yin Yang. Different moist soft dishes are part of the Yin foods this is a symbol of masculinity. On the other hand the spicy foods which are part of the Yang, symbolises the femininity. Tea is popular in case of both the countries. In case of China the staple food are the noodles the rice, whereas the staple food for Australian is the bread as well as the pasta. Dairy products are preferred by Australians but not by Chinese people. The etiquette is also varies from people of one country to another. In China making eye contact is not preferred by them s ince they believe that lowering eyes is a symbol of respect (Hofstede, 2011). Whereas in Australia the eye contact is a symbol of confidence they prefer it. Unlike in Australia, in China people do not like affectionate greetings. Hence the etiquette varies significantly between China Australia. In case of greetings the most preferable posture is bowing slightly but in Australia they prefer handshake. In China people give respect to seniors elderly people. In society as well as in organisations respect to elderly people plays an important role. On the other hand in Australia people do not give respect to elderly people in the society or seniors in the organisation. People give respect to those who are highly qualifies hence respect depends not on the age but on the qualification. In China facial expression also matter a lot in Chinese culture. Chenese people prefer collectivism instead of the individualism. They think that working together improves the productivity. In Australia people are self centric they believe in self reliance. Australians emphasise on the attainment of own goal. Another important cultural feature is the hierarchy. Hierarchy is present in the Chinese culture since long time. This is the main reason behind the high inequality in China. In case of Australia the social structure is flat. Cultural barrier is very minimal in China. Institutional differences Another important difference is the institutional difference. These institutional differences act as a barrier to the MNCs operating in other countries. Large institutional difference exists between China Australia. One of the important differences is the institutional structure. In China the bureaucratic system is prevalent. Bureaucracy acts as the red tapism in the organisation. It acts as the barrier to the organisational growth. On the other hand in Australia bureaucracy is not present in high level (Edwards Rees, 2006). This facilitates the organisational growth in the country. Bureaucracy elongates the decision making process. Therefore in Australia management can take decision smoothly. Another important institutional difference is the language. In China most of the people speak in Chinese language. They generally do not prefer in speaking in English. In Australia people speak in English. Hence, it also acts as the barrier in proper communication. Lack of proper communicatio n inhibits the business process. In China huge numbers of students are completing graduation every year, but their practical skill is very low. Hence, it is not possible for these students to contribute to the industry immediately after completing their graduation. This is creating a barrier for the company to make a proper salary structure. Low salary leads to the high level of turnover in the organisation on the other hand the high salary leads to reduction in the competitiveness of the company. Hence salary structure in China is flexible (Brewster et al., 2007). All these factors play an important role in determining the payment structure compensation for employees. In case of Australia, the payment system is different in comparison to that of China. In Australia employers have to take care of the health security of employees. To take care of these issues the organisation has to provide compensation to employees. The Australian government provides importance on the compensation of employees. Different legislations have been made by the government to provide compensation to employees. In Australia employers have to pay the superannuation to employees after their retirement. Hence operating an office in Australia by Alibaba, it is essential to take into consideration all these factors. To operate in Australia, the company has to follow all rules regulations of the country. If the organisation recruits employees from the host country, it has to provide all such facilities, those are provided by other Australian companies. It is the responsibility of the human resource management to take care of these issues. International human resource management team manages the recruitment policies of the company in other country (De Cieri Dowling, 2006). At the same time various training development programmes, health safety issues of employees are controlled by the human resource manager other group members. Analysing the possibility of transferring the Same Domestic Human Resource Practices in Australia This section is going to discuss the feasibility of Alibaba to transfer their domestic human resource management system practices in Australia where it is opening a new company. From the above discussion it can be said that there are different barriers which acts as a hindrance in managing the human resource policies in other countries. The cultural barrier is the main reason behind the problem in operating the company in other country. It is quite evident that there are large differences between the culture of the China that of Australia. Culture is defined as sharing of common values norms with in a particular society. Culture consists of different factors these vary from one country to another. Culture includes the food habits, dress, etiquette social structure of any particular society. In case of China which is a developing country differs significantly in terms of the culture in comparison to Australia. In China it still believes in the traditional culture in case of Aust ralia they mostly believe in the modern culture. Hence, to operate in the other country it is important to adopt the culture of that particular country (Stahl et al., 2012). If Alibaba recruits employees from Australia, it has to identify the cultural differences then those cultural gaps have to be fulfilled by the company. It is the responsibility of the human resource management to make others working in the organisation, aware of the cultural differences. Adequate training development programme is necessary to fulfil the gap. It is inevitable for the international human resource management team to help employees adapt to the situation. If employees of one country cannot match themselves with the culture of employees of the other country working in the organisation, it leads to the conflict. In any organisation conflict is not wanted since it may deteriorate the working condition. In any organisation when the human resource team recruits any employee, it is the responsibility of the team to provide him or her appropriate training in order to inculcate the organisational culture. Culture of different countries may differ it also acts as a hindrance for people to adjust in other working environment. But when it is an organisation, there must be a unique culture that must be maintained by the organisation to operate the business in a smooth manner (Sparrow et al., 2016). Even if an organisation operates with in the domestic territory only, it has to take this fact under consideration. Within any country also cultural differences exist the main reason behind this is the caste, race, religion etc. It is the responsibility of the organisation specially the human resource team to prohibit any kind of discrimination within the organisation. Cultural difference generally brings in discrimination at the work place. The most effective solution is to maintain a unique culture in any organisation that should make the organisation distinct from others (Ferraro Brody , 2015). If with the help of the proper training session employees can be acknowledged of the culture, it helps the organisation to run efficiently. In case of Alibaba since it has opened a new office in Australia, this strategy may work. When the organisation is operating in other country, it has to create an organisational culture considering the cultural differences. Beside the cultural differences another crucial difference is the institutional difference it also makes the situation complex. When Alibaba is operating in Australia it has to follow the payment system, compensation as well as other institutional features to make employees satisfied with the organisational environment. The Australian government has made different legislation regarding the work place safety, health of workers payment structure Alibaba has to follow all these legislations (Dowling, 2008). To operate in Australia it cannot follow the same Human resource policies, it has to be restructured considering different cultural institutional barriers. This will help the Alibaba to successfully operate the new office in Australia. Conclusion From the above study it can be said that international human resource management has to take into account different factors in order to make these policies effective suitable to the organisation. When an organisation is operating in other country, it has to face various cultural as well as institutional differences these acts as an inhibition in the business process. To overcome this problem the organisation has to frame human resource policies in such a manner that it will be able to safeguard the interest of every employee working in the organisation (Friedman, 2007). Hence it can be concluded that the role of the human resource management consultant is to identify all these factors set organisational culture accordingly. This culture has to be inculcated within every individual within the organisation. References Brewster, C., Sparrow, P., Vernon, G., Houldsworth, E. (2007).International human resource management. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. De Cieri, H., Dowling, P. J. (2006). Strategic international human resource management in multinational enterprises: Developments and directions.Handbook of research in international human resource management, 15-35. Dowling, P. (2008).International human resource management: Managing people in a multinational context. Cengage Learning. Edwards, T., Rees, C. (2006).International human resource management: globalization, national systems and multinational companies. Pearson Education. Ferraro, G., Brody, E. K. (2015).Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Friedman, B. A. (2007). Globalization implications for human resource management roles.Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal,19(3), 157-171. Harzing, A. W., Pinnington, A. (Eds.). (2010).International human resource management. Sage. Hodgetts, R. M., Luthans, F., Doh, J. P. (2006).International management: Culture, strategy, and behavior. McGraw-Hill Companies. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context.Online readings in psychology and culture,2(1), 8. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context.Online readings in psychology and culture,2(1), 8. Johnson, J. P., Lenartowicz, T., Apud, S. (2006). Cross-cultural competence in international business: Toward a definition and a model.Journal of International Business Studies,37(4), 525-543. Kshetri, N. (2008). Barriers to e-commerce and competitive business models in developing countries: A case study.Electronic commerce research and applications,6(4), 443-452. Minkov, M., Hofstede, G. (2011). The evolution of Hofstede's doctrine.Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal,18(1), 10-20. Schuler, R. S., Jackson, S. E. (2008).Strategic human resource management. John Wiley Sons. Soares, A. M., Farhangmehr, M., Shoham, A. (2007). Hofstede's dimensions of culture in international marketing studies.Journal of business research,60(3), 277-284. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Stahl, G. K., Bjrkman, I., Morris, S. (Eds.). (2012).Handbook of research in international human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Great Texas A&M Essay Examples - Learn How to Copy Them

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